HOW OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER OCCURS
Definition:- Obsessive compulsive disorder defines as a features of unreasonable thoughts and fears that leads to do repetitive behavior.
- It is mainly characterized by two terms:
- Obsession means unreasonable thoughts & fear
- Compulsion means repetitive behavior
- They both interfere with the daily activities cause distress.
- Thus person may try to ignore obsessions but that only increase your stress and anxiety ultimately you perform compulsive acts
OCD CYCLE (obsessive compulsive disorder)
ANXIETY
OBSESSION
COMPULSION
REINFORCEMENT
OBSESSION COMPULSION REINFORCEMENT
Obsession symptoms :-
- Fear of contamination
- Aggressive to your self or to others
- Unwanted aggressive thoughts
- Intense stress
- Avoidance of situations
- Shaking hands
- Feel uncomfortable
Compulsive symptoms:-
- Washing and cleaning
- Checking
- Counting
- Silently repeating prayer
- Checking doors repeatedly to make sure they are locked
EPIDEMIOLOGY:-
- 80% cases are before 18 years
- Higher in males than females
- It is common in latin america, Africa & Asia
Severity varies :-
- Usually begins in teens or young adults
- Symptoms usually begin it tends to severe through out life
- It is considered as life long disorder
- OCD thoughts are simply excessive varies some about real problems in your real life
- Obsession and compulsions affect the quality of life .
Causes :- major causes are formed :-
Biology :- OCD may result due to any changes in the body or brain dysfunction
Genetics :- OCD may have genetic component but specific genes have yet to be
identified.
Environment :- some environmental factor infections may leads to OCD
Risk factors :-
- Family history
- Stressful life events
- Other mental disorders
Types :-
Although there are infinite forms of OCD this may be categorized in to 5 categories :-
- Checking :- need to check the compulsion
- Mental contamination:- main OCD type in this type wash hands repeatedly
- Symmetry :- compulsions feel discomfort
- Intensive thoughts:- generally suffers with obsessional thoughts that are repetitive
- Hoarding :- inability to discard useless commonly referred as hoarding
Pathophysiology:-
- Cause is unknown
- Low levels of serotonin can cause OCD symptoms.
Basal ganglia dysfunction :- Parkinsonism disease associated.
STIMULUS STIMULUS
(internal or external) (internal or external)
OBSESSION ANXIETY
TEMPORARY RELIEF COMPULSION
Complications :-
- Health issues such as contact dermatitis frequent hand washing.
- Inability to attend social activities.
- Trouble in relationships
- Poor quality of life
- Sucidal thoughts and behaviour .
Treatment:-
- Pharmacotherapy :- treated with drugs such as (SSRI’s) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
- Fluoxetine, fluoxamine, sertraline.
- Cognitive behavior therapy
- Psycho surgery
- Deep brain stimulation.
PREPARED BY
PRAVEENA